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Best Russian writers
of the 20th century
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Best Russian writers of
the 19th century
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Alexander Pushkin Russian poet, playwright and prose writer, laid the
foundations of the Russian realistic trend, literary critic and literary theorist, historian,
publicist, journalist; one of the most authoritative literary figures of the
first third of the 19th century. Even during the life of Pushkin, his
reputation as the greatest national Russian poet developed. Pushkin is
regarded as the founder of the modern Russian literary language. The most
interesting part of Pushkin`s biography is his origins. More than once he
turned (including in art form) to the image of his maternal
great-grandfather, the African Abram Petrovich Gannibal, who became a servant
and pupil of Peter I, and then a military engineer and general. The first
complete set of works were published in 1937. One of the best
works of Pushkin are: `Eugene Onegin`, `The Tale of Tsar Saltan`, `Ruslan and
Ludmila`, `The Captain's Daughter`, `Dubrovsky`, `Boris
Godunov`, `The Fountain of Bakhchisaray`, and his other beloved poems. |
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Leo Tolstoy One of the most famous
Russian writers and thinkers, one of the greatest novelists in the world. Member
of the defense of Sevastopol. Enlightener, publicist, religious thinker, his
authoritative opinion was the reason for the emergence of a new religious and
moral trend - Tolstoyism. For his views he was excommunicated from the
church. Corresponding member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences (1873),
honorary academician in the category of fine literature (1900). He was
nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature (1902, 1903, 1904, 1905). He
subsequently declined further nominations. Classic of world literature. A writer who, during his
lifetime, was recognized as the head of Russian literature. The work of Leo
Tolstoy marked a new stage in Russian and world realism, acting as a bridge
between the classic novel of the 19th century and the literature of the 20th
century. Leo Tolstoy had a strong influence on the evolution of European
humanism, as well as on the development of realist traditions in world
literature. The works of Leo Tolstoy were repeatedly filmed and staged; his
plays have been staged all over the world. Leo Tolstoy was the most published
writer in the USSR in 1918-1986: the total circulation of 3199 publications
amounted to 436,261 million copies. The most famous works of
Tolstoy are novels "War and Peace", "Anna Karenina",
"Resurrection". |
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Nikolai Gogol Prose writer, playwright, critic, publicist,
recognized as one of the classics of Russian literature. He came from an old
noble family of Gogol-Yanovsky. According to V. Belinsky and N. Chernyshevsky (two best
critics of the Russian Empire), Gogol became the founder of a literary movement - the main
stage of the "natural school" (conventional name for the initial
stage in the development of critical realism in Russian literature of the
1840s); modern researchers believe that he had a great influence on Russian
and world literature. Mikhail Bulgakov, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Ryunosuke
Akutagawa, Flannery O'Connor, Franz Kafka and many others recognized Gogol's
influence on their work. Major works:
`Dead souls`, `The Government Inspector`, `Mirgorod`, `Petersburg stories`. |
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Fyodor
Dostoevsky Writer, philosopher, and publicist. Corresponding member of the St.
Petersburg Academy of Sciences since 1877. A classic of world literature,
according to UNESCO, one of the most widely read writers in the world.
Collected works of Dostoevsky consists of 12 novels, four short stories, 16
short stories and many other works. The early works of the writer, like the story "Notes from
the House of the Dead", contributed to the emergence of the genre of
psychological prose. Major works: `Crime and Punishment`, `The Brothers Karamazov`,
`The Gambler`, `Poor Folk`. |
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Mikhail
Lermontov Poet, prose writer,
playwright, artist. Lermontov's work, which combines civic, philosophical and
personal motives that meet the urgent needs of the spiritual life of Russian
society, marked a new flowering of Russian literature and had a great
influence on the most prominent Russian writers and poets of the 19th and
20th centuries. Lermontov's works received a great response in painting,
theater and cinema. His poems have become a real treasure trove for operatic,
symphonic and romance works. Many of them have become folk songs. Major works: `A
Hero of Our Time`, `The Sail`, `The Novice`, `Borodino`, `Boyarin Orsha`. Nikolay
Myaskovsky has used romances of Lermontov on one of his vocal works. Click here to listen to it. |
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Ivan Turgenev Writer, poet, publicist, playwright, prose writer, translator.
One of the classics of Russian literature, who made the most significant
contribution to its development in the second half of the 19th century.
Corresponding member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in the category of
Russian language and literature (1860), honorary doctor of Oxford University
(1879), honorary member of Moscow University (1880). The artistic system he created influenced the poetics of not only
Russian, but also Western European novels in the second half of the 19th
century. Ivan Turgenev was the first in Russian literature to begin to study
the personality of the "new man" - the sixties man, his moral
qualities and psychological characteristics, thanks to which the term
"nihilist" began to be widely used in the Russian language.
Promoter of Russian literature and drama in the West. The most famous works: the cycle of stories "Notes of a
Hunter", the story "Mumu", the story "Asya", the
novels "The Noble Nest", "Fathers and Sons". |
Anton ChekhovWriter, prose writer, playwright, publicist, doctor,
public figure in the field of charity.
Classic of world literature. Honorary Academician of the
Imperial Academy of Sciences in the category of fine literature (1900-1902).
One of the most famous playwrights in the world. His works have been
translated into more than a hundred languages. His plays, especially The
Seagull, Three Sisters and The Cherry Orchard, have been staged in many
theaters around the world for over a hundred years.
Over 25 years of creativity, Chekhov created more than
five hundred different works (short humorous stories, serious stories,
plays), many of which have become classics of world literature. Particular
attention was drawn to the `Steppe`, `Boring Story`, `Duel`, `Ward No. 6`,
`House with a Mezzanine`, `Darling, Jumper`, `An Unknown Man's Tale, Guys,
Man in a case`, `In the ravine`, `Children`, `Drama on the hunt`; from the
plays: "Ivanov", "The Seagull", "Uncle Vanya",
"Three Sisters", "The Cherry Orchard".
In addition to literary and medical work, Chekhov
attached great importance to charitable activities in the field of helping
the starving, children, peasants, tuberculosis patients, was the Commissioner
of the Board of the Yalta Charitable Society, organized fundraising in favor
of the needy and regularly published texts in newspapers on the situation of
socially vulnerable groups of the population in Russia.
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Nikolay Nekrasov Poet, prose writer, publicist, classic
of Russian literature. From 1847 to 1866 he was the head of the literary and
socio-political journal Sovremennik, and the editor of the journal Fatherland
Notes from 1868. According to his views, he is ranked among the
`revolutionary democrats`. He is best known for such works as the epic poem `Who Lives Well
in Russia`, the poems `Frost, Red Nose`, `Russian Women`, the poems
`Grandfather Mazai and Hares`, `Railroad`. His poems were devoted mainly to
the suffering of the people, the tragedy of the peasantry. Nekrasov
introduced the richness of the folk language and folklore into Russian
poetry, widely using in his works the prose and speech patterns of the common
people - from every day to journalistic, from folk vernacular to poetic
vocabulary, from oratorical to parodic-satirical style. Using colloquial
speech and folk phraseology, he greatly expanded the range of Russian poetry.
Nekrasov was the first to decide on a bold combination of elegiac, lyrical
and satirical motifs within one poem, which was not practiced before him. His
poetry had a noticeable influence on the subsequent development of Russian
classical, and later Soviet poetry. |
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Mikhail
Saltykov-Shchedrin Russian realist writer, critic, author of sharp satirical works,
known under the pseudonym Nikolai Shchedrin (the real name of the writer is
Saltykov). In his works, the writer raised the themes of morality and
morality in the society of that time. It is not for nothing that the writer's
works are referred to as caricature ridicule and grotesque, thus the author
emphasizes that a person is the arbiter of his own destiny. The `Provincial
Essays` picturesquely depicts all the provincial bureaucracy - from the petty
clerk to the governor - ruthlessly robbing the people. "Provincial
Essays" forever determined Shchedrin's social and literary position as a
democratic satirist. In the works published in the journal, Shchedrin
subjected to a complete negation all the ideas of the privileged classes
about statehood, property, and nepotism. In harsh forms, he exposed the
bureaucracy ("Pompadours and Pompadourses", "Lords of
Molchalin"); condemned the monarchy ("History of one city");
passed a harsh sentence on the historically doomed feudal lords; he was the
first in Russian literature to show pictures of impending disasters brought
to the country by bourgeois predators (`Good-meaning Speeches`); branded
publicists who embellish bourgeois predators with the name of "foam
skimmers" ("Diary of a provincial in St. Petersburg");
ridiculed the cowardice of the intelligentsia, which during the years of
reaction acted in St. Petersburg "in relation to meanness"
("Modern Idyll"). |
Alexander OstrovskyRussian playwright, whose work became the
most important stage in the development of the Russian national theater. For his rich creative life - almost forty
years of work - he created 49 plays according to some sources, 54 plays
according to others. In his works, Alexander Nikolayevich vividly, vitally,
truthfully showed those aspects of Russian life that he did not dare to touch
on others. The colorful, truly folk language of his plays corresponded so
much with the speech of the Moscow merchants that Pushkin himself advised
Russian writers to learn from Ostrovsky. The most famous works of Ostrovsky are `The storm`,
`Without a dowry`, `The Snow Maiden`. |
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july 2001 |
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